Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also called thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, TSH, or HTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that causes thyroid gland to form thyroid (T4), and then to produce triangular thyon (T3) Stimulates the metabolism of almost everyone, tissue in the body. This is the glycoprotein hormone produced by thyrotropic cells in the predecessor pituitary gland, which regulates the thyroid function of thyroid. In 1916, Bennett M. Allen and Philip E. Smith found that pituitary contains thyrotropic substance.Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland. Its role is to control the production of hormones by the thyroid gland.

What is Thyroid Stimulating Hormone?
Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced in the blood stream by the pituitary gland. It regulates the production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland by binding the receptors located on the cells in the thyroid gland. Thyroid and triiodothyronine are essential to maintain the body’s metabolic rate, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development and maintenance of bones.

Hormone Levels
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to spray hormone thyroxine (T4) with half an hour of life, which has some effect on metabolism. T4 is converted into triiodothyronine  (T3), which is an active hormone that stimulates metabolism. About 80% of this conversion is in the liver and other organs, and thyroid has 20%.

TSH is confidential in whole life but with rapid growth and development period, it reaches high levels in response to stress.

Depending on the brain, the hypothalamus produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to produce TSH.

Somatostatin is also produced by the hypothalamus, and its effect on the pituitary production of TSH has an adverse effect on reducing or blocking its release.

The concentration of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the blood controls the pituitary release of TSH; When T3 and T4 concentrations are low, TSH production increases, and on the contrary, when T3 and T4 concentrations are high, TSH production has decreased. This is an example of a negative feedback loop. Any inappropriateness of the measured values, for example, low-normal TSH can be accompanied by a low-normal T4 to signal TSH to Tertiary (Central) disease and TRH pathology. Low-reverse T3 (RT3) low-normal TSH and low-normal T3, with T4 values, which are considered indicators for uterine illness syndrome, also produce sub-micrometric hormones, with chronic subcutaneous thyroid ( SAT should be checked for. In the past, the absence of antibodies in patients diagnosed with an autoimmune thyroid will always be questionable for the development of the SAT in the presence of normal TSH as there is no known recovery from autonomy.

For clinical interpretation of laboratory results, it is important to accept that TSH is released in a pulsatile manner, which results in both serial and ultradian rhythm of its serum concentration.

How is Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Controlled?
When thyroid stimulating hormone binds to the receptor on thyroid cells, then these cells produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine and they are released into the blood stream. These hormones have a negative effect on the pituitary gland and prevents the production of thyroid stimulating hormones if the levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine are very high. They also stop production of thyrotropin-releasing hormones called hormones. This hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and it stimulates the pituitary gland to make thyroid stimulating hormones.

What Happens if I Have Thyroid Stimulating Hormones Too Much?
A simple blood test can measure thyroid stimulating hormones in circulation. If a person has too much, then it can indicate that their thyroid gland is not making enough thyroid hormones, i.e., they have an underactive thyroid gland or hypothyroidism. People with an underactive thyroid often feel lethargy, feel weight gain and feel cold. Their thyroid gland may be big for making a goat. Treatment is the drug in the form of bullets to normalize thyroid hormone levels. This reduces the amount of thyroid stimulating hormones in circulation. It is especially important for pregnant women to ensure the healthy growth of their children in the right amount of thyroid stimulating hormones and thyroid hormones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is one of the hormones measured in infants. Rarely, the problems of the pituitary gland or rare genetic conditions can be the result of proper high thyroid stimulating hormone, and high-level thyroid hormone levels.

What Happens if I Have Very Little Thyroid Stimulating Hormones?
If a person has very little thyroid stimulating hormone, then it is possible that their thyroid gland is making too much thyroid hormones, i.e., they have a very active thyroid or hyperthyroidism, which is suppressing thyroid stimulating hormones. People with a hyperactive thyroid have symptoms opposite to those with hypothyroidism, that is, they lose weight (how much they eat), they feel very hot and can experience tilt or anxiety. They may also have slightly enhanced thyroid gland. Treatment is medicine in the form of pills, which reduces thyroid gland activity and returns the level of all thyroid hormones in general. Rarely, the problems in the pituitary gland can also be as a result of lower thyroid stimulating hormones, and less free thyroid hormone levels.